Pattern analysis is a research area that involves the study of patterns and structures in data to gain insights, make predictions, or understand underlying mechanisms. It encompasses various techniques and methodologies, such as statistical analysis, data mining, machine learning, and image processing, to uncover patterns, trends, and relationships within data sets. Pattern analysis is commonly used in various fields, including computer science, engineering, biology, and social sciences, to extract valuable information from complex and large data sets for decision-making and problem-solving purposes.